sp3d2 and d2sp3 Hybridization In an Atom, electrons are arranged in hypothetical structures called orbitals. These orbitals have been shaped differently by different scientific discoveries. Atomic orbitals may undergo a hybridization process. The hybridization Read More

Definition of Hot and Cold Working Hot Working: Hot working refers to a metalworking process conducted at temperatures exceeding the recrystallization temperature of the material being worked, where metal becomes Read More

Percent and Relative Abundance play important roles across numerous scientific fields such as geochemistry, biology, environmental sciences and archaeology. Both provide us with crucial information regarding natural systems’ isotopic compositions, Read More

Overview of binary and ternary acids Binary and ternary acids can be divided into two distinct classes based on their chemical makeup. Here’s an overview of both binary and ternary Read More

Definition of Formula Unit Mass and Molecular Mass Formula Unit Mass: Formula Unit Mass (FUMC) refers to the mass of one formula unit of an ionic compound. An ionic compound Read More

Introduction of  Crystallization and Recrystallization Crystallization and Recrystallization are processes used in various industries to form crystals and purify substances, respectively, resulting in improved quality and enhanced purity. Crystallized precipitates Read More